Ever thought “Oh I wish Apple had included method X for class Y”, well that is what categories are for.

Categories are normally used for 2 things.

• Extending a class (using methods, not variables !!!)
• Logically separating a class into different functional areas

So lets look at something that is extremely popular at the moment ….. Twitter, and in paticular the 140 charachter limit.

Apple (for obvious reasons) don’t include Twitter related method calls on there string class NSString.

At the moment you would have to write everywhere in you code, something the resembles the following

NSString *twitterString=@"Objective-C rocks, I never want to look at Java again";

if([[twitterString] length]< 141)
{
//Post to twitter
}


Now this is good, but what if twitter changed their character limit, you would have to go an edit your code everywhere, where you used this check.
So we are going add a method to the NSString class:

This will make are code look like this


NSString *twitterString=@"Objective-C rocks, I never want to look at Java again";

if([twitterString isUnderTwitterCharachterLimit])
{
//Post to twitter
}


You now need an interface and implementation file, Im going to call them NSStringTwitterCategory.h and NSStringTwitterCategory.m

The interface file (NSStringTwitterCategory.h) is extremely small:

Instead of defining a new class in the format:


@interface NewClass: SuperClass{

}

You extend an existing class using the format:


@interface ClassYourExtending (CategoryName)


You can call the category whatever you want, but obviously you want to make it clear.

You then declare the methods like you always do.

The implementation file (NSStringTwitterCategory.m) is also not very complex:

@end


Again you extend the class in the same way as you did in the header file:


@implementation NSString (Twitter)


And you simple define the method as you normally would, nothing strange or fancy. If you want to use this category you just need to import the header file where you want to use it.

This is obviously a very simple example, but I hope it shows you how to use categories in Objective-C.

Here is a little tip on how to tell if a string contains another string, using the underused data type NSRange.

NSRange gives the starting location and the length of a given value, and is often used with arrays and strings. On this occasion we will use it to find the range of a substring within another string. If the range has a location, it contains the given substring. The following code does just that.

NSRange textRange;

}

Making this a case insensitive compare is also very trivial, and can be done by lowercasing both strings

NSRange textRange;

}